The aim of studying and bibliography

The main aim of study: Acquisition of knowledge and skills in the field of enzymatic polymer synthesis, the physicochemical properties of such obtained materials and their applications. The acquisition of knowledge and skills relating to biodegradation of polymers, evaluation of changes occurring after biological degradation of polymers and, consequently, determination of susceptibility to biodegradation.

The general information about the module: The course is implemented in the second semester. Includes 15 hours of lecture and 30 hours laboratory. The course ends with a signature. Course provides the information necessary to know the manufacturing processes of natural and synthetic polymers by the enzymatic method - an alternative to the commonly used methods of chemical. Course also provides biotechnological methods for modification of polymers in order to obtain materials useful in further processing operations. Course also provides basic information about the manners of biodegradation and the methods and tests used to evaluation the degree of biodegradation. This knowledge will allow to find the dependence between the synthesis method and the properties of the obtained polymer and also will allow prediction of its application and will enable the design of biodegradable polymer compositions safety for the environment

Bibliography required to complete the module

Bibliography used during lectures

1	Loos K.	Biocatalysis in polymer chemistry	Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim.	2011
2	Florjańczyk Z., Penczek S.	Chemia polimerów	Ofic. Wyd. Politechniki Warszawskiej, Warszawa.	1998
3	Rabek J.F	Współczesna wiedza o polimerach	PWN, Warszawa.	2008
4	Żmihorska-Gotfryd A.	Wybrane zagadnienia biologicznej degradacji polimerów	Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechnika Rzeszowska.	2015
5	Wojturska J.	Zastosowanie enzymów w chemii polimerów	Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Rzeszowskiej.	2015

Bibliography used during classes/laboratories/others

1	Kołakowski E., Bednarski W., Bielecki S.	Enzymatyczna modyfikacja składników żywności	Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej, Szczecin.	2005
2	Jerome Ch., Lecomte P.	Recent advances in the synthesis of aliphatic polyesters by ring-opening polymerozation	Adv. Drug. Del. Review., 2008, 60, 1056-1076.
3	Chandra R., Rustgi R.	Biodegradable polymers	Prog.Polym.Sci., 1998, 23, 1273-1335.

Basic requirements in category knowledge/skills/social competences

Formal requirements: Register for a current semester.

Basic requirements in category knowledge: Student has an initial knowledge of polymer chemistry.

Basic requirements in category skills: Student is able to carry out work in the chemical laboratory. He can analyze the results of the measurements.

Basic requirements in category social competences: Student is responsible and knows the rules of safe operation in the chemical laboratory.

Module outcomes

MEK	The student who completed the module	Types of classes / teaching methods leading to achieving a given outcome of teaching	Methods of verifying every mentioned outcome of teaching	Relationships with KEK	Relationships with PRK
01	Student describes the enzymatic polymerization and assesses the impact of the selected factors on processes of biosynthesis of macromolecules.	lecture	written course completion test	K_W05+++	P7S_WG
02	Student selects enzymes to typical biosynthesis of polymers, processes of modification and biodegradation of polymers.	problem lecture, laboratory	observation of realization laboratory tasks, to pass practical test	K_W05+++ K_U10++ K_U11++	P7S_UW P7S_WG
03	Student uses the tests and standards to assess the degree of biodegradation of polymeric materials.		observation of realization laboratory tasks, to pass practical test	K_W05+ K_U11+++	P7S_UW P7S_WG
04	Student synthesizes selected types of synthetic polymers using enzymatic method.	lecture, laboratory	to pass practical test, written protocol	K_W05+++ K_U11+++ K_K02+++	P7S_KR P7S_UW P7S_WG
05	Student analyses the presence of enzymes on the physicochemical properties of synthetic and natural polymers.	problem lecture, problem laboratory	written protocol, written course completion test	K_W05+ K_U10+++ K_U11+++	P7S_UW P7S_WG
06	Student shall assess the possibilities and ways of biodegradation of polymeric materials.	problem lecture, problem laboratory	observation of realization laboratory tasks, written course completion test	K_W05+++ K_U10+++ K_U11+++ K_K04+++	P7S_KO P7S_UW P7S_WG

Attention: Depending on the epidemic situation, verification of the achieved learning outcomes specified in the study program, in particular credits and examinations at the end of specific classes, can be implemented remotely (real-time meetings).

The syllabus of the module

Sem.	TK	The content	realized in	MEK
2	TK01	The properties of the polymers (molecular weight, the degree of the polymerization, the degree of polydyspersion, Tg, the degree of crosslinking). Examples of the typical natural and synthetic polymers. The types of enzymes used for the synthesis, modifications and the degradation of the polymers. Features which characterize enzymes as catalysts.	W01	MEK02
2	TK02	Synthesis of polyesters by enzyme-catalyzed ring opening polymerization of heterocyclic monomers (including macrolides). The mechanism and kinetics of the polymerization. Comparison of the polymerization catalyzed by chemical or enzymatic catalysts. Factors influencing on the rate of ring opening polymerization (temperature, the quantity and nature of the solvent, type, concentration and form of the enzyme and other). Regioselective and enantioselective synthesis realized with the presence of enzymes, leading to polyesters.	W02, L01	MEK01 MEK02 MEK04
2	TK03	Enzymatic polymerization of phenolic monomers. The mechanism of oxidoreductase –initiated polymerization. Factors affecting the rate of polymerisation (the quantity and nature of the solvent, type and concentration of the enzyme, method of the synthesis). Enzymatic polymerization of aniline. Comparison of polymerization catalyzed by chemical and enzymatic catalysts. The influence of the type of enzyme on the properties of polymers.	W03, L02	MEK01 MEK02 MEK04
2	TK04	The purpose and methods of the modification of polymers. chemical modification versus enzymatic modification (advantages and disadvantages of both ways). The methods of evaluation the degree of modification of polymers (FTIR, XPS, SEM, SEP and others). Examples of enzymatic modification of synthetic polymers. hydrolysis and functionalization of polyacrylate fibers, polyester fibers or polyamide fibers. Enzymatic modification of the polyethylene surface.	W04	MEK02 MEK05
2	TK05	Synthesis of natural polymers (cellulose, chitin) by enzymatic polymerization. The mechanism of polymerization leading to the polysaccharides. Biotechnological modification of natural polymers (cellulose, chitin). Enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides (cellulose, starch). The mode of an amolytic enzyme action. Obtaining of crystalline glucose by enzymatic degradation of starch.	W05, L03	MEK01 MEK02 MEK05
2	TK06	Types of biodegradable polymers: natural polymers, polymers with bonds susceptible to hydrolysis, blends of biodegradable and non-degradable polymers. The main ways of biodegradation of the polymers. Factors affecting the biodegradation of the polymer (structure of the polymer, morphology, molecular weight). The methods of biodegradation by the action of micro-organisms.	W06, L04	MEK02 MEK05
2	TK07	Decision tree for evaluating biodegradability of plastics. Polymer modification to facilitate biodegradation (creation of the „weak points ” by the insertion of functional groups, copolimerization, implantation of metal salts). application of biodegradable polymers. The development of biodegradable polymers. Test methods and standards for biodegradable polymers (modified sturm test, closed bottle test,. Petri dish screen, soil burial test and others). Visual assessment of the resistance of the plastic against the mushrooms action.	W07, L04	MEK02 MEK03 MEK05 MEK06

The student's effort

The type of classes	The work before classes	The participation in classes	The work after classes
Lecture (sem. 2)		contact hours: 15.00 hours/sem.	complementing/reading through notes: 7.00 hours/sem.
Laboratory (sem. 2)	The preparation for a Laboratory: 6.00 hours/sem.	contact hours: 30.00 hours/sem.	Finishing/Making the report: 3.00 hours/sem.
Advice (sem. 2)		The participation in Advice: 2.00 hours/sem.
Credit (sem. 2)	The preparation for a Credit: 10.00 hours/sem.	The written credit: 2.00 hours/sem. The oral credit: 1.00 hours/sem.

The way of giving the component module grades and the final grade

The type of classes	The way of giving the final grade
Lecture	Written test of the issues presented in the lecture. The range of % points suit the assessments: 50% rating 3,0, 60% rating 3,5, 70% rating 4,0, 80% rating 4,5, 90% rating 5,0,
Laboratory	Presence at all laboratory exercises. The preparation of written reports from each of the laboratory classes.
The final grade	The final grade (K): K=w*0.9*Z + 0.1*L where Z is the assessment of the final test of the lecture, in - a factor related to the term of passing final test (w=1 for the first term, w=0.9 for the second term, w=0.8 for the third term) Z is the assessment of the laboratory classes

Sample problems

Required during the exam/when receiving the credit
(-)

Realized during classes/laboratories/projects
(-)

Others
(-)

Can a student use any teaching aids during the exam/when receiving the credit : no

The contents of the module are associated with the research profile: yes

1	Ł. Byczyński; D. Czachor-Jadacka; M. Kisiel; B. Mossety-Leszczak; B. Pilch-Pitera; K. Pojnar; M. Walczak; J. Wojturska	Poliuretanowy lakier proszkowy oraz sposób wytwarzania poliuretanowego lakieru proszkowego	2024
2	Ł. Byczyński; E. Ciszkowicz; D. Czachor-Jadacka; M. Kisiel; B. Mossety-Leszczak; B. Pilch-Pitera; M. Walczak; J. Wojturska	Wodna dyspersja kationomerów uretanowo-akrylowych, sposób wytwarzania wodnej dyspersji kationomerów uretanowo-akrylowych oraz sposób wytwarzania fotoutwardzalnej powłoki z wykorzystaniem tej wodnej dyspersji	2024
3	Ł. Byczyński; D. Czachor-Jadacka; B. Pilch-Pitera; J. Wojturska; J. Wojturski; P. Wrona	Farba proszkowa	2022
4	Ł. Byczyński; P. Król; B. Pilch-Pitera; J. Wojturska	Sposób wytwarzania blokowanych poliizocyjanianów do poliuretanowych powłok proszkowych	2022
5	Ł. Byczyński; P. Król; B. Pilch-Pitera; J. Wojturska	Blokowane poliizocyjaniany, ich zastosowanie oraz poliuretanowe lakiery proszkowe	2021
6	Ł. Byczyński; P. Król; B. Pilch-Pitera; J. Wojturska	Blokowane poliizocyjaniany, sposób ich wytwarzania i zastosowanie	2021
7	J. Wojturska	The effect of chain extender structure on the enzymatic degradation of carbohydrate based polyurethane elastomers	2020